If you’re American and you recognize the names “Bad Boys Blue,” “C.C. Catch,” “Sandra,” or “Modern Talking,” there’s a good chance that you, or someone close to you, is Vietnamese. For the uninitiated non-Viet Americans, those are the names of three German (and one German-Dutch) pop bands whose songs have been compiled, covered, and claimed by the Vietnamese community as “New Wave.”
There are other groups in the New Wave canon like Gazebo, Ken Lazslo, Fancy, Joy, and Silent Circle whose hits are familiar to thousands of Vietnamese Americans. Meanwhile, having worked in record stores for more than ten years, I can say that none of my coworkers, no matter how knowledgeable, had ever heard of any of them.
How, I wondered, did these Eurodisco acts become so cherished by such a specific segment of a specific population of refugees and their descendants—especially when there’s no obvious connection between West Germany’s pop industry and Vietnamese refugees in the US. I never solved that riddle, but my curiosity and love of those songs led me on numerous occasions to parties and nightclubs in North Orange County’s Little Saigon.
Last year, a filmmaker named Elizabeth Ai contacted me. She is currently in the process of making a documentary and television series, both called New Wave. (Listen: New Wave documentary Spotify playlist!) More recently, she started companion Instagram and Facebook accounts to which people can submit photos of themselves from that era, hair immaculately fixed with hairspray, and often clothed in black. Here we are chatting about what New Wave meant for Viet American youths, Elizabeth’s own family history, and how music can serve as a bridge.
ERIC BRIGHTWELL: Hello Elizabeth, can you tell us a bit about yourself — who you are, where you’re from, and what you do?
ELIZABETH AI: The short answer: I’m a Chinese-Vietnamese-American filmmaker from the San Gabriel Valley.
The long one: It’s hard to talk about who I am without talking about my family and the multi-generational fleeing they’ve done from war-torn countries—a family tradition I might continue depending on what happens this November. My maternal great-grandparents fled China to Vietnam in the 1920s because of the Chinese Civil War. And my grandfather, an ARVN captain, upon release from re-education camp, fled Vietnam with his wife (my grandmother) on a fishing boat to Hong Kong in the late 70s. Fortunately, they had family members already situated in the US that helped them figure out sponsorship through their church. My aunt and uncles arrived right in time for the golden age of MTV. I was the first US-born person in my family, raised by my grandparents, and have struggled all my life with these multiple historical narratives that make up my DNA.
Are you asking me where I’m from or where I’m really from? JK. — I grew up in the SGV (San Gabriel Valley) in the shadow of the L.A. riots. Where I grew up, at the time, looks vastly different than the safe neighborhood it is today. Somehow I managed a 4.0 GPA when I used to sneak out with friends to cruise Valley Boulevard on school nights in lowered cars, with modified exhausts, to hang in Hong Kong-style cafes or party with fake IDs in Koreatown nightclubs. Back then, in the SGV, there was a lot of gang activity, even drive-by shootings at my school, and I was a young latchkey kid that was stupid enough to not care. My experiences from hanging out in these streets were just as informative to who I am as my time in the classroom, if not more.
Professionally, I’m a writer, producer, and director working in documentaries and narratives for almost fifteen years. I’ve focused on stories that illuminate subjects and issues from marginalized and underrepresented communities. It’s been a long circuitous path fighting upstream against a white, male-dominated, entertainment industry that still diminishes the value and work of women, BIPOC, and LGBTQIA+. I don’t take what I do for granted. Never would my teenage self dare dream that my adult self would be working in such a privileged profession and be in a position to tell stories.
When did you become aware of “new wave?”
New wave has been in my life for as long as I can remember. It was the soundtrack to my childhood. While this music was really my aunt’s and uncles’, who were in their late teens and twenties, growing up with them meant it was ever-present in our home, and my grandparents hated everything it represented in this era of excess. On the flip side, I fondly remember tracks by Modern Talking, C.C. Catch, and Bad Boys Blue playing from the boomboxes in their bedrooms while they meticulously teased their mile-high Aqua Net-styled hair and slipped into their beat-up leather jackets, and thinking, I could not grow up fast enough to join them. For better or worse, that didn’t happen. I came of age in a different era, listening to gangster rap, 90s R&B, and the oldies that Art Laboe was spinning, but that new wave sound has always held a special place in my heart.
What made you decide that “new wave” would be an interesting subject for a documentary?
Let’s get one thing straight, this music is fucking amazing! I didn’t realize how many bangers there were until I fell down the rabbit hole of research and started making playlists. Everyone who is not listening to it is missing out.
While I was pregnant a couple of years ago, I was racking my brain for stories to share with my daughter about our people and why we’re here in the US, then felt pretty deflated thinking I might have to resort to rote stories about the war. That was until my mind wandered into events I experienced first hand like my family’s early days rebuilding their lives in the 80s. Like most children of refugees, I didn’t have an ideal childhood. The trauma in my household was real and the generational gap between my disciplinarian POW grandfather and his children, all of whom were struggling to find their identity in a new country, led to many explosive clashes. The lows were really low, and the highs weren’t that high. And when I look back, what really stuck with me was witnessing my young adult uncles and aunt living their best new waver lives. I often kept their secrets and told lies of their whereabouts to my grandparents (their parents) in exchange for passage on weekend car rides, where they’d blast new wave all the way to the mall and hang with their friends. It sounds silly to say but, new wave was a necessary diversion, a coping mechanism that brought them joy. Wherever new wave was playing was a safe space. They knew they could congregate with other young Vietnamese, and momentarily escape pressures from home, their past trauma, and just be whatever version of themselves they wanted to be.
Reviving these long-buried memories inspired me. Knowing there are so few stories about the Vietnamese diaspora experience that aren’t tied to images of war and destruction, Vietnamese new wave felt like a great personal point of departure. So much that after giving birth in 2018, I wrote a rough draft of a TV pilot based on these recollections. Reading it over, I realized, something was missing. I was pulling from cobwebbed memories that didn’t have the specificity I craved. That’s when I began scouring the internet about the evolution of the Vietnamese-American community in Little Saigon, the beginnings of its music industry, and eventually came across your Vietnamese New Wave Revival blog post and discovered that the music was actually Euro/Italodisco. Wait, what? Why did everyone in the Viet-Am and diaspora community call this music new wave? These artists were from Germany, France, Italy, and everywhere else but the US? I had so many questions. I scrambled to call up family members that sent me off to call up other relatives that told me to call their friends that knew more about new wave. I was shocked when a couple of them confirmed that none of this music had played on the radio. They told me they bought all these European records and Viet New Wave covers/cassette compilations at record shops in Phước Lộc Thọ (aka Asian Garden Mall) because there was nowhere else to buy them at the time. It was a big “what the fuck?” moment that flooded my head with even more questions.
Was the music of my childhood really some imported Eurodisco fever dream? There was enough of a mystery there that I pivoted the story of my TV pilot and then enlisted some friends to help me jumpstart the documentary, namely, my co-producers Tracy Chitupatham and Anh Phan, as well as some advisors to make introductions and discuss that specific era. I’ve been filming since early 2019 with over a dozen people from the Vietnamese-American music community, including Lynda Trang Dai, Thai Tai, Ian DJ BPM Nguyen, some die-hard new wave fans/party promoters, and I even flew out to Europe at the end of last year to film with some of the big-name Eurodisco acts of the 80s.
There’s a lot to unpack about the resettlement and reestablishing of a people and culture. I’ve narrowed my focus to examine the evolution of refugee youth identity and the cultural bridge built during this fraught time with this music. Moreover, I’m telling this story for a few reasons: one, as a time capsule for my daughter and younger generations to learn a story about our resilient community beyond the war; two, to keep a historical record that will otherwise be lost when the artists and fans disappear; three, because this work is therapeutic, cathartic, and honestly, I’ve just fallen in love with it all over again. The more I listen to it, the more I wonder why new wave and I have been estranged for so long.
What was the incentive behind the Instagram feed, @newwavedocumentary?
Production for our film halted in March because of Covid-19. Coincidentally, this was the same time we learned of NEW WAVE’s first grant award from California Humanities. In making the most of it, I pivoted and immersed myself in archival research and I quickly realized the limitations and lack of Vietnamese-American archives, that aren’t of the musicians and don’t involve the war in some capacity.
My team and I started the Instagram account in hopes that it’ll motivate others to share photos or videos from their personal archives.
What has the response been?
It’s been positive. I’ve had friends and strangers inquire about the film and how they could support. Some rad photos and stories have come through. Thanks to everyone who has shared. My team and I are still sorting through everything and hope to post all your stories and photos soon enough.
How can people get involved?
We want to hear from you. Please get in touch and share your stories with us on Instagram and Facebook or via [email protected]. We’re searching for photos, videos, and stories after the fall of Saigon from the 70s-90s focused on the era of resettlement, rebuilding, and all things new wave, or tangentially new wave.
Contributor Bios
Elizabeth Ai is a Chinese-Vietnamese-American Los Angeles based Emmy award-winning producer. She writes, directs, and produces independent narratives as well as branded content for companies such as National Geographic, ESPN, and VICE. She produced documentary features; DIRTY HANDS: THE ART & CRIMES OF DAVID CHOE (2008), on the titled artist after his prison release and before his meteoric rise and A WOMAN’S WORK: THE NFL’S CHEERLEADER PROBLEM (2019), which examines wage theft and exploitation of the only visible NFL women. Additionally, she produced SAIGON ELECTRIC (2011), a feature narrative set in Vietnam’s world of breakdancing. During her tenure at VICE, she created the original pilot for BONG APPÉTIT (2014), which got picked up for series on Viceland. She’s currently directing and producing two in-progress feature documentaries and has a slate of narratives in development. She’s a fellow of Berlin Talent Campus, Film Independent, Sundance, and Tribeca. Her film projects are supported by California Humanities, Firelight Media, Knight Foundation, and ITVS. She received her B.A. from the University of Southern California.
Eric Brightwell is an adventurer, explorer, cartographer, and essayist. He moved to Los Angeles in 1999 after first visiting in 1998 and being bowled over by its mountains, islands, diversity, and unknowability. His work can be seen at ericbrightwell.com.
Well, it’s about time! The conversation to conjugate the American and Vietnamese music in its place. The ’80s was indeed a time of great harmony for music. And I loved both the American and Vietnamese Euro Disco music. Looking back, my friends and I would take the drive to Westminster Orange county just to hear the Vietnamese Euro Disco performers singing all the captivating music, which was never present or aired in Los Angeles. It was funny because I would ask the Vietnamese people. “What do you call this kind of music?”, and they would all reply, “Euro or Italo Disco”. And yet! No one in their community ever called it the New wave. It wasn’t until much later that the word New wave had emerged. And then the argument with the Americans who live and breathed the American new wave music deflected from the Vietnamese calling themself’s New wave. So, to read this article and its explanation gives thought to some classification. Also, I have to agree with the other comments posted about a singer named Shere Thu Thuy. As an avid 80’s music lover of both the American and Vietnamese sound back then. Shere Thu Thuy dominated both Orange County and Los Angeles introducing Euro, Italo disco music to the American audience. She was the only female Vietnamese to perform new wave original hit songs, which aired on the FM radio stations and MTV. I can remember showing off to all my friends whenever I would see Shere in Westminster or Los Angeles. I would proudly say,” So yeah! That’s the Vietnamese new sound”. Just to note; there were other Vietnamese performers in the 80s performing Euro and Italo music, although what is never mentioned is the fact, that the Vietnamese only performed in their communities and they all sang covers songs, not originals. The 80’s was an amazing time! I loved it!.
The ’80s were a blast! I particularly loved the late ’80s around 1989 -1992 when Vietnamese performers in my area (Orange County CA.) started to emerge like Lynda Trang Dai performing her Modanna pop music, and I believe she also did one or two new wave songs. However, in the early ’80s around 1986 – 1987 at the pinnacle of the New wave sound, I seem to remember another Vietnamese singer who performed all the new wave covers songs and particularly original new wave music with radio air-play. I know this because my oldest brother would blast her music throughout our home. Sadly I don’t remember her name. I just remembered that she was another Vietnamese new wave artist, who my older brother was a fanatic over her music. Anyway, I love your article and am also excited to see your documentary.
In Westminster California, I remember in the mid-’80s around 1986 or 1987 when I first heard a Vietnamese singer named Shere Thu Thuy’s, with a song called , “Gonna lose my heart” on the radio. And the reason why I remembered it because the radio host named this singer with a Vietnamese name. In fact, I thought she was an American because her music sounded like the American New wave and not the European ’80s sound. . Which blew me away at the time. After all, there were no other Vietnamese New Wave singers with original music and with radio airplay. Not even Lynda Trang Dai was heard of.
I also agree that New Wave is a term popularized by the Vietnamese for a genre of music produced in Europe during the mid-80s and 90s. Not to be confused with New Wave in America that revolved around Alternative rock, and eventually 80s synth-pop. Unfortunately, I discovered a lax interest from Vietnamese performers who would refrain from singing American New Wave.
The other interesting anomaly was the absence of Vietnamese singers who avoided creating their own original New Wave songs during the 80s. However, I recently came across two singers, Vietnamese recording artist Shere Thu Thuy with four New Wave original albums from 1986 -1992 and Lynda Trang with Crazy love in 1992.
So excited to see this documentary!! I grew up falling asleep to New Wave as my parents partied with their friends at a house party.