{"id":43797,"date":"2020-08-19T07:00:29","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T14:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diacritics.org\/?p=41929"},"modified":"2021-01-16T23:54:04","modified_gmt":"2021-01-17T07:54:04","slug":"giving-voice-to-the-dream-of-nation-building-in-vietnam-the-republic-of-vietnam-1955-1975","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dvan.org\/2020\/08\/giving-voice-to-the-dream-of-nation-building-in-vietnam-the-republic-of-vietnam-1955-1975\/","title":{"rendered":"Giving Voice to the Dream of Nation Building in Vietnam: \u201cThe Republic of Vietnam, 1955 \u2013 1975\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
The Republic of Vietnam, 1955\u20131975: Vietnamese Perspectives on Nation Building, edited by Tuong Vu and Sean Fear; Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program Publications, 2020.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In 2015, on October 16 and 17, two days out of my life (two days out of the last several decades of my life since I arrived in the United States to be more exact), I attended a one of a kind symposium at the University of California, Berkeley, titled \u201cSymposium Nation Building in War: The Experience of Republican Vietnam, 1955-1975.\u201d There, 15 prominent South Vietnamese administrators, politicians, military officers, educators, writers, artists, and journalists were slated to speak. I can tell you, quite honestly, that in my own nerdy way I was trembling with excitement. Moreover, I have been steadfast in the belief that those two days were simply not enough. In The Republic of Vietnam, 1955-1975: Vietnamese Perspectives on Nation Building<\/em>, edited by Tuong Vu and Sean Fear, at least, I have the memorializations of the essays and presentations of that day.<\/p>\n

\"\"
First row: Nguyen Duc Cuong, Hoang Duc Nha, Kieu Chinh and a conference participant.
Second row: Nathalie Nguyen, Pham Kim Ngoc, and Tran Quang Minh
Third row: Nguyen Huu Phuoc, Vu Thanh Thuy, and Nha Ca. (Photos by Z.M. Qu\u1ef3nh)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

As a 1.5 generation refugee, I was old enough at the Fall of Saigon to remember the turmoil and torment of that desperate flight out of Vietnam so that, to this day, I long for a Republic of Vietnam that I never knew. In the same instance, I was too young to grasp the political, cultural, economic, educational, or societal factors that all went into nation building.<\/p>\n

Growing up in a family in which the past was to be left behind, where there was little time made for historical musings, I have long harbored a hunger to learn more than what was being dictated to us through the highbrow American-centered analysis of the Vietnam War (all of which fail to engage nation building at all). The same can be said of the raw and extremely intimate accounts by Vietnam veterans of the war, all of which focus heavily on trauma and the overall messiness of the war, rather than the dreams that the war stood for.<\/p>\n

At that symposium, for the first time in my life I heard how my elders\u2014the dreamers of my parents\u2019 generation\u2014had implemented their design for the building of a postcolonial Republic of Vietnam, founded in October of 1955 in the visage of democracy and freedom. There, I heard the voices of South Vietnam\u2019s leaders who were young men and women at the time, who imagined a different Vietnam. These leaders have since fanned out into the diaspora, taking with them their longing and their dedication for nation building like black and white snapshots in a dusty photo album, shelved and untouched by human hands. Some have transferred that passion into their work in the United States, like Nh\u00e3 Ca (pen name for Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Thu V\u00e2n which means \u201cLittle Anthem\u201d) who penned the critical work, Mourning Headband for Hu\u00e9, <\/em>that brought the stories of those who suffered through the 1968 massacre in Hu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Many others have moved on, bringing their talents to their lives in America and other countries, such as Australia, France, and Canada. The two day symposium brought together voices that are largely exiled from history, both in America and in Vietnam, despite playing important roles in the efforts to gather and build the nation that would have been South Vietnam had history not played out the way that it did.<\/p>\n

It was hard not to become emotional as I listened to V\u0169 Qu\u1ed1c Th\u00fac, the former deputy prime minister in charge of reconstruction and development, and Cao V\u0103n Th\u00e2n, former minister of land reform and agricultural development and minister of rural development, send warm wishes from their hospital beds over Skype, breathing tubes and IV bags in sight. Both of their papers appear in the volume. V\u0169\u2019s paper details the efforts to establish a banking and financial sector during the postcolonial transition from a French colony to an independent state. In Cao\u2019s paper, you will learn about the \u201cLand to Tiller Program\u201d that sought to transform the countryside of South Vietnam as a means of setting the stage for economic development. It was touching to me that these men had waited so long to be heard and that nothing, not illness nor bedpans, would keep them from video conferencing in even if all they could do was wave.<\/p>\n

It was at this symposium that I met Nathalie Huynh Chau Nguyen, whose book, South Vietnamese Soldiers: Memories of the Vietnam War and After<\/em>, I<\/a> have previously<\/a> reviewed<\/a>. (Ms. Nguyen was a special guest academic and her work does not appear in the volume). Here, too, I met female war correspondent V\u0169 Thanh Th\u1ee7y, whose translated memoir, Surviving the Vietnam War and Its Aftermath<\/em>, I waited for anxiously and later reviewed<\/a>, the long wait well worth it.<\/p>\n

The volume, The Republic of Vietnam, 1955-1975<\/em>, compiled and published three years after the symposium, gathers all of the presentations and organizes them into five key themes: economic development; politics and security; education; journalism and media; and cultures and the arts. In the essays, writers discuss aspects of politics, economic development, educational advancement, public security, frontline battles, war correspondence, the campaign for press freedom, and artistic and cultural life in South Vietnam prior to the Fall of Saigon. Though heady and leaning on the academic side, the volume of 16 essays is extremely diverse featuring pieces by former Republic of Vietnam (RVN) military and civilian officials including actors, war correspondents, writers, soldiers, and dignitaries.<\/p>\n

Also included is an excellent introduction penned by Tuong Vu, director of Asian studies and professor of political science at the University of Oregon, and Sean Fear, a lecturer in international history at the University of Leeds. The introduction walks us through many of the challenges of postcolonial nation building. Comparing the young South Vietnamese government to postcolonial states in Africa and Asia, Vu and Fear write: \u201cNational building may take place over centuries in tandem with other processes such as war, state formation, urbanization, an industrialization…The importance of the postcolonial context for any discussion of post-1945 nation building cannot be overstated. As newly formed states emerged in Asian and Africa following the end of World War II, most faced extraordinary challenges, including wide-spread illiteracy, deep social divisions, economic dependency, and political instability. Given these obstacles, it is perhaps unsurprising that many struggled to establish cohesive politics, sustained economic prosperity, or social equality.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
Left: Panelists sitting – Vo Kim Son, Nguyen Huu Phuoc; on screen – Pham Tran. Right: Screen image from presentation. (Photos by Z.M. Qu\u1ef3nh).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Essays of note include B\u00f9i Quy\u1ec1n\u2019s \u201cReflections of a Frontline Soldier,\u201d which provides B\u00f9i\u2019s perspective of South Vietnam as a migrant from North Vietnam and a sweeping overview of the South\u2019s development of their military forces. B\u00f9i also gives his personal opinions about the effect of American intervention in the South\u2019s war effort. Ki\u1ec1u Chinh\u2019s essay, \u201cThe Cinema Industry,\u201d shares her observations about the history and evolution of cinema in Vietnam. Nh\u00e3 Ca\u2019s \u201cWriters of the Republic of Vietnam\u201d is a sobering look at the terrorism that played out through a series of assassinations that ultimately lead to the events of 1968 after the Vi\u1ec7t Minh (the predecessors of the Communist) took power in North Vietnam. As a struggling writer, I particularly appreciated learning more about how Nh\u00e3 Ca came to writing. Finally, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u00e3, who was only in his late twenties (can you imagine?) when he served as the private secretary and main advisor to the President of South Vietnam, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u, discusses the political climate surrounding the controversial negotiation process for the Paris Peace Agreement.<\/p>\n

Overall The Republic of Vietnam<\/em>, which only promises to publish and amplify the voices represented at the symposium, is a call to action. It was widely acknowledged by both speakers, attendees, and the coordinators that the symposium had come several decades too late. The cost of the delay was felt at the conference as news was shared that two of the confirmed speakers, V\u00f5 Long Tri\u1ec1u, editor of Saigon newspaper, \u00d0\u1ea1i D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c,<\/em> and Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh Li\u00eam, former vice minister of education in the Republic of Vietnam, had both passed away before the symposium. When the family member of one of these men shared with us that he had been struggling to live long enough to make the trip, I teared up, unable to hold my emotions.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Panelists sitting: Vu Thanh Thuy, Nha Ca, and Kieu Chinh. On screen: Huynh Van Lang skyping in from southern California. (Photo by Z.M. Qu\u1ef3nh).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For whatever it is worth, the amazing efforts to coordinate the symposium which featured speakers from all across the globe in many different time zones and the resulting collection of work from the speakers is phenomenal. For many of us in the diaspora who have lost so many years to the minutia of life, falling victim to the \u201cmodel minority myth,\u201d struggling so hard to ensure that the traumatic plight of our family members that brought us to this new and safer home produced success; the cost is the lost of our history.<\/p>\n

That is not to say that I am being idealistic about the endeavors of nation building. The essays and testimony shared at the symposium spoke of foibles, failures, corruption, and ideologies gone awry, consumed by the sheer stress, personally, politically, and economically of the war on the people that had to survive within it day in and day out. Postcolonial nation building the world over has not been without its failures\u2014whether the end result was ultimately successful or not. South Vietnam was no exception, but the point is that we never really had a chance.<\/p>\n

For us, more than anything, The Republic of Vietnam<\/em> is a primer and a demand for a more comprehensive, Vietnamese-written<\/em> works of history. We have already seen works such as this from Ngh\u0129a M. Vo\u2019s Saigon: A History<\/em>. Perhaps the future holds works that will highlight and quote from the writings showcased in the symposium. Thanks to Tuong Vu and Sean Fear\u2019s efforts, the thoughts, impressions, and words of these pivotal individuals in South Vietnamese history have been preserved. We have somewhere to begin.<\/p>\n

The Republic of Vietnam, 1955\u20131975: Vietnamese Perspectives on Nation Building<\/em><\/a>
\nedited by Tuong Vu and Sean Fear
\nSoutheast Asia Program Publications, $24.95<\/p>\n

\n

CONTRIBUTOR’S BIO<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Z.M. Qu\u1ef3nh<\/strong> is currently working on a novel that highlights the experiences of ARVN soldiers. You can visit her at zmquynh.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For us, more than anything, “The Republic of Vietnam” is a primer and a demand for a more comprehensive, Vietnamese-written works of history.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":88911,"featured_media":43878,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"categories":[29,98],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nGiving Voice to the Dream of Nation Building in Vietnam: \u201cThe Republic of Vietnam, 1955 \u2013 1975\u201d - DVAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dvan.org\/2020\/08\/giving-voice-to-the-dream-of-nation-building-in-vietnam-the-republic-of-vietnam-1955-1975\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Giving Voice to the Dream of Nation Building in Vietnam: \u201cThe Republic of Vietnam, 1955 \u2013 1975\u201d - DVAN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For us, more than anything, "The Republic of Vietnam" is a primer and a demand for a more comprehensive, Vietnamese-written works of history.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dvan.org\/2020\/08\/giving-voice-to-the-dream-of-nation-building-in-vietnam-the-republic-of-vietnam-1955-1975\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DVAN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DiasporicVietnameseArtistsNetwork\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-19T14:00:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-17T07:54:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dvan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/republic-of-vietnam-featured.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"534\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"462\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Z.M. 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Her essay \\\"On the Topic of Erasure\\\" was published in the Anthology, \\\"People of Color Destroy Science Fiction.\\\" Her creative non-fiction essay, \\\"Meta Eulogy: Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Loan By A Vietnamese American,\\\" published at DiaCRITICS, was nominated in 2015 for a Sundress Best of the Net Award for creative non-fiction. Her essay, \\\"Octavia Butler - Master Cultural Translator\\\" was published by Twelfth Planet Press in \\\"Luminescent Threads - Connections to Octavia Butler\\\" and her short story, \u201cDrink Brother for the Pain\u2026\u201d was published in Kweli Journal. Her poem, \\\"When she sings...\\\" debuted on Strange Horizons. 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Qu\u1ef3nh","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/dvan.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dvan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/zmquynh-headshot-750px-100x100.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dvan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/zmquynh-headshot-750px-100x100.jpeg","caption":"Z.M. Qu\u1ef3nh"},"description":"Z.M. Qu\u1ef3nh is a Vietnamese American literary poet and writer whose short stories have appeared in the Anthologies: \"The Chamber of Souls\" - The SEA is Ours and \"The South China Sea\" - Genius Loci: The Spirit of Place. Her short story \"The Chamber of Souls\" was translated and featured in the Czech version of the \"The SEA is Ours\" anthology. Her short story, \"The Seashell\" was nominated in 2015 for a Sundress Best of the Net Award for fiction, given honorary mention by the literary magazine, Glimmer Train, and was featured in APAture 2016. Her essay \"On the Topic of Erasure\" was published in the Anthology, \"People of Color Destroy Science Fiction.\" Her creative non-fiction essay, \"Meta Eulogy: Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Loan By A Vietnamese American,\" published at DiaCRITICS, was nominated in 2015 for a Sundress Best of the Net Award for creative non-fiction. Her essay, \"Octavia Butler - Master Cultural Translator\" was published by Twelfth Planet Press in \"Luminescent Threads - Connections to Octavia Butler\" and her short story, \u201cDrink Brother for the Pain\u2026\u201d was published in Kweli Journal. Her poem, \"When she sings...\" debuted on Strange Horizons. 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